Many of Finland’s most famous sculptures are the work of one man – Wäinö Aaltonen was a superior artist and a super celebrity of his time

Wäinö Aaltonen’s handprint dominated the entire Finnish sculpture for several decades. In addition to talent, the charming man’s sovereign media skills also contributed to his huge popularity.

Aaltonen can be said to have dominated the field of Finnish public sculpture almost exclusively from the mid-1920s until the end of the 1950s.

Sculptor Wäinö Aaltonen taps the stone with a hammer.
Wäinö Aaltonen’s super popularity was influenced not only by his talent but also by his personality and other personal qualities, says Virpi Nikkari. \”She loved being photographed and was happy to give interviews to women’s magazines. Aaltonen was a charming man and definitely a celebrity of his time. He even got married four times.\”

The artist’s own favorite did not end up on the pedestal.

– He would have liked to realize the more futuristic work that came in third place in the competition. Aaltonen was an innovator of modernism in both sculpture and painting, and was one of the first in Finland to experiment with cubism, says Virpi Nikkari.

Aleksis Kivi sculptures sculpted by Wäinö Aaltonen in the Tampere Art Museum.
The city of Tampere ended up ordering the work Runoilija ja musa (right) as a monument to Aleksis Kive, in which the ghost touches the writer’s head. Wäinö Aaltonen’s own favorite was the more experimental work Futuri, which reached third place and was never realized.

Modernist bends in custom work

The writer Kivi was one of Wäinö Aaltonen’s enduring subjects. He later carved several portraits of this, the most significant of which sits in Elielinaukio in Helsinki. The artist also worked on a more suggestive version of the sitting Stone, which pleased him more than the customers.

The conflict between commissioned works and own creation is one of the themes of the Tampere Art Museum’s new *Wäinö Aaltonen – Joy of Creation* exhibition.

Aalto was expected to do something completely different from cubist experiments. Both in the early days of independence and after the wars in Finland, there was a desire to see classic sculptural art that boosted national self-esteem.

Wäinö Aaltonen fulfilled this wish with, among other things, numerous athletic male sculptures.

Wäinö Aaltonen's statues harvest and faith in the Tampere Art Museum exhibition.
Wäinö Aaltonen was into wrestling when he was young. He admired physical strength and sometimes used wrestlers as his models. The sculptures Harvest and Faith from the series \”Work and future\” are also familiar from the great hall of the House of Parliament.
Paavo Nurme's runner statues sculpted by Wäinö Aaltonen.  Miniature models on platforms in the colors of the Olympic rings.
Paavo Nurme’s running statue is Wäinö Aaltonen’s most famous work and the first ever public sculpture commissioned by the Finnish government.

There was fun with the Hämeensilla statues

Tampere is one of those cities where Wäinö Aaltonen’s handprint is strongly visible. In addition to the Aleksis Kive monument, in the downtown area you can also find the Eteläpuisto cooperative monument *Return from shopping*, the *Mourning* sculpture in the Pyynik church park and, of course, the famous Pirkkalai sculptures of Hämeensilla.

Tampere's Hämeens Bridge covered in heavy fog on November 10, 2020.
Hämeensilla’s Pirkkalai sculptures are one of the symbols of the city of Tampere. In the foreground is the Maiden of Finland, in the background the Tax Collector. Stock photo from November 2020.

– Four gigantic sculptures had to be created in a couple of years, it was a really big job with a tight schedule. Aaltonen had the best time to familiarize himself with *Eränkävija* and *Finnish girl*. *Merchant* and *Taxman* were made faster, which is perhaps somewhat reflected in their artistic level, says Virpi Nikkari.

Sculptor Wäinö Aaltonen stands at head level with his sculpture of the Tax Collector.
Wäinö Aaltonen is working on a plaster version of the Tax Collector.

The difference in artistic level is not noticeable to the eyes of the ordinary bridge worker. The trade council that paid for the sculptures, on the other hand, had something to point out.

– Aaltonen deliberately modified classical proportions and exaggerated, for example, athleticism. Originally, the Pirkkalai sculptures were designed for higher pedestals to be viewed from below, and therefore their heads are large in relation to their bodies. This infuriated Haarla.

The reputation was well-deserved

Over the years, Wäinö Aaltonen’s works have become symbols of both the country and the cities. At the same time, they tell about current phenomena at the time of their birth, such as emphasizing sports victories and emerging national identity.

It is amazing how strongly the handprint of a single artist can be seen throughout the country. Virpi Nikkari sees a clear reason for Aaltonen’s superiority over three decades.

– Both competition and education in the field of Finnish sculpture were generally few. Aaltonen was a pioneer. The next viable generation of sculptors didn’t really emerge until the 1950s and 60s.

Exhibition manager Virpi Nikkari Wäinö among the sculptures of the exhibition about Aaltones.
\”Wäinö Aaltonen is our national sculptor,\” says exhibition manager Virpi Nikkari.

The reputation is still deserved and not the result of a lack of competitors, Nikkari emphasizes.

– Wäinö Aaltonen succeeded in large monumental projects and achieved considerable popularity internationally. He was simply a great talent.

*Wäinö Aaltonen – The Joy of Creation exhibition opens at the Tampere Art Museum on Saturday 4 February 2023.*

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